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NCERT Solutions for class 4 E.V.S chapter 12 – Changing Times
Back Exercise
Page No 96:
Question 1:
Talk to any one of your grandparents or any other elderly person. Find out, when she or he was eight-nine years old –
O Where did she or he live?
O From what material was her or his house made?
O Did they have a toilet in their house?
O In which part of the house was food cooked?
O A lot of mud was used when Chetandas’ house was made.Why?
Answer:
Disclaimer for the first four questions: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to interact with the elders and know about their livelihood when they were children. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
The answer for the last part is as follows: Chetandas’ house was built many years ago. Using mud to make the house kept the house cool. Mixing some cow dung with the mud and coating the floor with it kept the insects away.
Page No 100:
Question 1:
Chetandas tells that people from the basti used to come to clean the toilets and take away the waste. They were not allowed to enter the house.
O The people who used the toilets did not clean them. Discuss.
O Is there a toilet in your house? Who cleans it?
Answer:
The people who used the toilets do not clean them perhaps because they considered it to be an inferior task.
Yes, there is a toilet in our house. We clean it on our own.
Page No 101:
Question 1:
What material have been used in making your house?
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and be interactive. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 2:
Find out the material from which your friend’s house is made? Is there any difference? Write about it.
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 3:
What kind of house do you think Chetandas grandchildren will live in?
Answer:
Chetandas’ grandchildren will live in multistoreyed buildings with elevators. The buildings will be made of concrete, cement, steel, ceramic tiles, etc. The doors and windows will be made of aluminium, glass, etc. The houses will be more modern, strong with better design than Chetandas’ house.
Page No 102:
Question 1:
Where would you like to live when you grow up? What kind of house would you like?
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to enhance the creativity and the thinking ability of the students. The answer may vary from student to student. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 2:
You had written about the things that your grandparent’s house was made of. Has some of those material been used in your house? Name them.
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and to be interactive. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 3:
People are given names according to the work they do. For example, a person who works with wood is called a carpenter.
❆ In your place, what do you call a person who works with wood?
Now, look at the picture and fill in the table. 
What kind of work is being done by different people here? What tools are they shown using in the picture? Write the min the given table.
| S.no. | Work | Tool | What is the person called |
| 1. | |||
| 2. | |||
| 3. | |||
| 4. |
Do you know people who do these type of work? Talk to them and find out about their work. Discuss it with your friends.
Answer:
A carpenter is a person who works with wood.
| S.no. | Work | Tool | What is the person called |
| 1. | Laying the walls and the roof of the house | Hammer Trowel | Mason |
| 2. | Carrying bricks and other materials | Mixing bowl | Labourer |
| 3. | Laying the electrical wires and points | Screw driver Drill machine | Electrician |
| 4. | Fixing the pipes and the taps | Wrench Pipe-cutter Pliers | Plumber |
Disclaimer : The answer of the first part may differ from student to student depending upon what a carpenter is called in their area.
Page No 103:
Question 1:
With your teacher or someone from home, go to a place where a building is being constructed. Talk to the people working there and find out answers to these questions.
• What is being built there?
• How many people are working there?
• What kind of work are they doing?
• How many men and women are there?
• Are any children working there? What are they doing?
• How much money do these people get paid daily? Ask from any three different people.
• Where do these people live?
• What are the material being used for making the building ?
• Try and guess how many trucks of bricks and bags of cement will be used for making the building.
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Page No 104:
Question 1:
How do the material reach the building site? (By truck, handcart, any other vehicle) List them.
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 2:
Find out the price of
One bag of cement __________________________
One brick __________________________
One truck of sand __________________________
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Page No 105:
Question 1:
Ask a few other questions and write their answers.
Answer:
Disclaimer: The purpose of this section is to encourage the students to observe their surroundings and interact with others. The answer may vary according to the students’ observations and experiences. It is highly recommended that the students prepare the answer on their own.
Question 2:
Over the sixty years, different materials were used at different times in Chetandas’ house. List these in the correct order.
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Answer:
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