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Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
It requires only one parents | Requires a male and female parent |
Daughter cells formed are identical to parents and to each other. | Newly formed offsprings show variations in comparision to the parents. |
Special reproductive organs are not required | Special reproductive organs are required |
Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine | Ex: Insects, animals |
5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Solution:
6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Solution:
Self-pollination | Cross-pollination |
It involves the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil of the same flower. | It involves the transfer of pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower. |
Self-pollination occurs only in bi-sexual flowers | It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual flowers |
7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Solution:
The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo and embryo undergoes mitotic cell division to form seeds.
8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Solution:
Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by wind, water and animals. Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of sunflower, get blown off with the wind to faraway places. Some seeds are dispersed by water. These fruits or seeds usually develop floating ability in the form of spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut. Some seeds are dispersed by animals, especially spiny seeds with hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places. Examples are Xanthium and Urena. Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam.
9. Match items in Column I with those in Column II: Column I Column II
Column-I | Column-II |
(a) Bud | (i) Maple |
(b) Eyes | (ii) Spirogyra |
(c) Fragmentation | (iii) Yeast |
(d) Wings | (iv) Bread mould |
(e) Spores | (v) Potato |
(vi) Rose |
Solution:
Column-I | Column-II |
(a) Bud | (iii) Yeast |
(b) Eyes | (v) Potato |
(c) Fragmentation | (ii) Spirogyra |
(d) Wings | (i) Maple |
(e) Spores | (iv) Bread mould |
10. Tick the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit
(d) A spore-producing organism is
(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower
Solution:
a) (iv) flower
b) (i) fertilization
c) (iv) fruit
d) (ii) bread mould
e) (ii) leaves