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Exercises Page No. 69
1. In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
Answer.
Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in the following ways:
2. Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties?
Answer.
The relationship between political parties and pressure groups can take different forms:
3. Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer.
The activities led by the pressure groups can push the government to rethink on the policies and acts proposed by them for the country. Depending on the demands put forward by the pressure groups, they can make a positive change in the country. Their activities, like campaigns or protests, can bring attention to the wrongful acts of the government, which otherwise remain behind the curtains. These pressure groups can help bring awareness to the citizens of the governmental activities, and hence, the political parties have to act in a responsible manner.
4. What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.
Answer.
There are many indirect ways in which people can get governments to listen to their demands or their points of view. They could do so by forming an organisation and undertaking activities to promote their interests or their viewpoints. These are called interest groups or pressure groups.
Example – Farmers’ Organisation – Bhartiya Kisan Union and All India Trade Union Congress
5. What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?
Answer.
| Pressure Group | Political Party |
| Organised or unorganised | Organised |
| Participation is open to all | Participation is through a set norm |
| The cause is to fight against a common purpose | Their role is to form a government |
| They don’t contest elections | They contest elections |
| All participants have the same ideology | Ministers can have different ideologies |
6. Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called _____________________ groups.
Answer.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called sectional interest groups.
7. Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
Answer.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
8. Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List-I | List-II | |
| 1. | Organisations that seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group | A. Movement |
| 2. | Organisations that seek to promote a common interest | B. Political parties |
| 3. | Struggles launched for the resolution of a social problem with or without groups an organisational structure | C. Sectional interest groups |
| 4. | Organisations that mobilise people with a view to win political power | D. Public interest groups |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | C | D | B | A |
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
| (c) | D | C | B | A |
| (d) | B | C | D | A |
Answer.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (b) | C | D | A | B |
9. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
| List-I | List-II | |
| 1. | Pressure group | A. Narmada Bachao Andolan |
| 2. | Long-term movement | B. Asom Gana Parishad |
| 3. | Single issue movement | C. Women’s movement |
| 4. | Political party | D. Fertilizer dealers’ association |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | D | C | A | B |
| (b) | B | A | D | C |
| (c) | C | D | B | A |
| (d) | B | D | C | A |
Answer.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| (a) | D | C | A | B |
10. Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer.
(b) A and B