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IMAGINE
You are a member of a nomadic community that shifts residence every three months.
How would this change your life?
Answer.
As a member of nomadic community and shifting residence every three months my life would be very different.
LET’S RECALL
Question 1.
Match the following:
garh khel
tanda chaurasi
labourer caravan
clan Garha Katanga
Sib Singh Ahom state
Durgawati paik
Answer.
garh chaurasi
tanda caravan
labourer paik
clan khel
Sib Singh Ahom state
Durgawati Garha Katanga
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer.
Question 3.
State whether true or false:
Answer.
Question 4.
What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Answer.
The following kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists.
LET’S UNDERSTAND
Question 5.
How was the administration of the Ahom state organised?
Answer.
The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were known as peaks.
A census of the population was taken. Each village had to send a number of paiks by rotation.
People of densely populated areas were shifted to thinly populated areas. Ahom clans were thus broken up. By the first half of the 17th century the administration became quite centralised.
Question 6.
What changes took place in a varna-based society?
Answer.
The following changes took place in varna-based society:
Question 7.
How did tribal societies change after being organized into a state?
Answer.
The tribal societies changed in the following manner:
LET’S DISCUSS
Question 8.
Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Answer.
Yes, the Banjaras were the most important nomadic traders and were important for the economy.
Question 9.
In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Answer.
The history of the Gonds was different from that of the Ahoms in the following ways:
There were many similarities between the Gonds and Ahoms:
LET’S DO
Question 10.
Plot the location of the tribes mentioned in this chapter on a map. For any two, discuss whether their mode of livelihood was suited to the geography and the environment of the area where they lived.
Answer.
Please see the map. The two examples where geography suited their livelihoods are:
Ahom settled in the northeastern part of the country. They experienced heavy rainfall. They introduced new methods of rice cultivation that required more water. They were engaged in building dams and irrigation systems.
<Bhils lived in the western part of the country. It had fertile land and forests. By the 16th century many of them led a settled life of agriculturists. Many remained hunter-gathers.
Question 11.
Find out about present-day government policies towards tribal populations and organise a discussion about these.
Answer.
Present-day government policies towards tribal populations are very positive.
Question 12.
Find out more about present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the subcontinent. What animals do they keep? Which are the areas frequented by these groups?
Answer.
Some of the main present-day nomadic pastoral groups of the subcontinent are-Gujjars (J & K), Gaddis (Himachal), Bhotiyas, Monpas (north-east), Raikas (Rajasthan), Banjaras (Central India), Dhangars (Maharashtra) and Maldharis (Gujarat). These pastoralists keep sheep, buffaloes, camels, etc.
Question 1.
Find out how grain is transported from villages to cities at present. In what ways is this similar to or different from the ways in which the Banjaras functioned? (NCERT Page 95)
Answer.
Question 2.
Discuss why the Mughals were interested in the land of the Gonds. (NCERT Page 99)
Answer.
Question 3.
Why do you think the Mughals tried to conquer the land of the Ahoms? (NCERT Page 100)
Answer.
The Mughals tried to conquer the land of Ahoms because of the following reasons: