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Question 1.
Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in
(A) Amoeba
(B) Yeast
(C) Plasmodium
(D) Leishmania.
Answer:
(B) Yeast
Question 2.
Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings.
(A) Ovary
(B) Uterus
(C) Vas deferens
(D) Fallopian tube.
Answer:
(C) Vas deferens
Question 3.
The anther contains
(A) Sepals
(B) Ovules
(C) Carpel
(D) Pollen grains.
Answer:
(D) Pollen grains.
Question 4. Following are the advantages of sexual reproduction: Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. Question 1. Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. Question 5. Question 6. Question 7. Question 8. Question 9. Question 10. Question 11. Question 12.
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction ?
Answer:
What are the functions performed by testis in human beings ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Why does menstruation occur ?
Answer:
If the egg is not fertilised, it lives for about one day. Since the ovary
releases one egg every month, the uterus also prepares itself every month
to receive a fertilised egg. Thus its lining becomes thick and spongy.
This would be required for nourishing the embryo if fertilisation had
taken place. Now, however, this lining is not needed any longer. So, the
lining slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as blood and
mucous. This cycle takes place roughly every month and is known as
menstruation. It usually lasts for about two to eight days.
Draw a labelled diagram of L.S. flower.
Answer:
What are the different methods of contraception ?
Answer:
How are the modes for reproduction different in unicellular and multicellular organisms ?
Answer:
Unicellular Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
1. Reproductive Cell. The same cell which functions as the body of the organism also gets transformed into reproductive cell.
Specific cells take part in reproduction.
2. Technique. Techniques of reproduction are simple.
Techniques of reproduction are commonly complex.
3. Asexual Reproduction. It occurs through fission, budding and spore formation.
It occurs by several methods like fragmentation, regeneration, budding, spore formation, vegetative reproduction, etc.
4. Sex Organs. No special sex cell or sex organ is present.
They are present.
5. Sexual Reproduction. It occurs through isogamy to heterogamy.
It is commonly oogamous.
How does reproduction help in providing stability to population of species ?
Answer:
What could be the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods ?
Answer:
In-Text Questions
What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction ? (CCE 2011, 2015)
Answer:
DNA copying is the basic event during reproduction. DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is present in the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. DNA has the blueprint for the body design and body functioning. It is the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made, leading to altered body design so for inheritance of features from parents to next generation creation of DNA copy is necessary.
Why are variations beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual ? (CCE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
Many of the variations are pre-adaptations which have no immediate benefit to the individuals. However, they remain in the population. Whenever, environment undergoes a drastic change, the pre-adaptations present in some members of the population allow the latter to survive, grow and regain its former size. Therefore, it is not necessary that variations are beneficial to individuals developing them but can prove useful to the species.
How does binary fission differ from multiple fission ?
Answer:
Binary Fission
Multiple Fission
It gives rise to two individuals.
It forms several (more than two) individuals.
Binary fission occurs under favourable conditions.
Multiple fission occurs both under favourable and unfavourable conditions.
Nucleus of the parent cell divides only once to form two daughters.
Nucleus of the parent undergoes repeated divisions to form a number of daughter nuclei.
Cytoplasm undergoes cleavage after each nuclear division.
Cytoplasm does not divide after every nuclear division.
No part of the parent body is left unused.
A part of the body, covering and residual cytoplasm, is left behind.
Examples. Amoeba, Paramecium.
Examples. Plasmodium, Amoeba (encysted).
How will an organism be benefited if it reproduces through spores ? (CCE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
Sporulation or spore formation is a method of asexual reproduction where each individual produces a number of spores. On germination each spore forms a new individual, e.g., Rhizopus.
Can you think of reasons why more complex organism cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration.
Answer:
Regeneration is the ability of an organism to form the whole from a cut out part or fragment.Higher complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration because complex organisms have organ-system level of organization. All the organ systems of their body work together as an interconnected unit. They can regenerate their lost body parts such as skin, muscles, blood, etc. However, they cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration.
Why is vegetative propagation practised for growing some types of organisms ?
Answer:
Vegetative propagation is practised in a number of horticulturally and economically important plants because it is advantageous.
Advantages:
Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction ?
Answer:
DNA copying is an essential part of the process of reproduction because it carries the genetic information from the parents to offspring. A copy of DNA is produced through some chemical reactions resulting in two copies of DNA. Along with the additional cellular structure, DNA copying also takes place which is then followed by cell division into two cells..
How is the process of pollination different from fertilization ?
Answer:
Pollination
Fertilization
It is transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a flower.
It is the fusion of male and female gametes.
It carries the male gamete producing pollen grains to the female sex organ.
It is actually about fusion of gametes.
Pollination is a physical process.
Fertilization is a biological process.>
It occurs only in seed plants.
It occurs in both plants and animals of various types.
What is the role of seminal vesicles and the prostate gland ? (CGE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
The secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate glands lubricate the sperms and provide a fluid medium for easy transport of sperms. Their secretion also provides nutrient in the form of fructose, calcium, and some enzymes.
What are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty ?
Answer:
How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body ? (CCE 2012)
Answer:
After fertilization the lining of uterus thickens and is richly supplied with blood to nourish the growing embryo. The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with he help of a special tissue called placenta. It is embedded in the uterine wall. Placenta contains Villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue and blood spaces on mother’s side surrounding the villi. This provides a large surface from mother to the embryo and waste products from embryo to mother.
If a woman is using a copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases ?
Answer:
No, sexually transmitted diseases occur due to fluid to fluid contact that takes place in the vagina.