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NCERT Solutions for class 6 Civics chapter 9 – Urban Livelihoods
Back Exercise
1. Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping, and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.
Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu On-line
Answer
Living condition of workers who came to the labour chowk:
(i) Workers are living in the harsh condition and suffering from lack of basic facilities and security.
(ii) The workers at labour chowk find out regular jobs but do not have permanent jobs.
(iii) They do not have permanent shelter so sleep on pavements or in paid shelter of Municipal corporation.
(iv) The protection of their money and tools are provided by the local tea and cigarettes shops in an unorganised manner.
(v) Labourers also took loans from these shops.
Page No: 85
2. Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:
Name
Place of work
Earnings
Security of work
Benefits received
Work on their own or employed
Bachchu
Manjhi
Rs 100 a day
Harpreet,Vandana
Work on their
own
Nirmala
No security
Sudha
Company
Rs 30,000 p.m.
Answer
Name
Place of work
Earnings
Security of work
Benefits received
Work on their own or employed
Bachchu
Manjhi
Cycle-Rickshaw Puller
Rs 100 a day
No Security
No benefits received
Work on their
own
Harpreet,Vandana
Garments showroom
Good earning
Yes, licence to do business
Growth in business
Work on their
own
Nirmala
Garment Factory
Rs 80 a day for eight hours and Rs 40 extra for working late.
No security
Rs 40 for overtime work
Employed
Sudha
Company
Rs 30,000 p.m.
Secured
Medical facilities, Paid holidays, Saving for old age and many benefits.
Employed
3. In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer
Permanent Job
Regular Job
Job Security
No job security
Fixed working hour
No fixed working hour
Fixed payments
No fixed payments
Paid holidays and leave
No paid holidays and leave
Extra benefits
No extra benefits
4. What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer
Sudha get different benefits along with her salary:
(i) Savings for old age: A part of her salary is kept in fund with government on which she gets interest and retirement.
(ii) Holidays: She doesn't have to work on Sundays and national holidays. She also get some annual leave.
(iii) Medical facilities: She get paid leave for illness and free treatment. Her family get paid medical facilities up to certain amount by the company.
(iv) Job security: She also have the permanent job and security of it.
5. Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in the markets which you visit frequently.